Systemically, as well, most diseases have unique presentations that define and make them different from other systemic illness. Yet, there are diseases that can affect almost any system and any organ. These disorders usually don?t have an age limit or sex specificity and can affect anyone at any time. A characteristic example of such a disease is one we are all quite familiar with. Cancer has made its presence felt global and is one of the most lethal noncommunicable diseases that is rampant in today?s the world.
Cancers are a pathological disease that is a result of poor defective or improper cell division. When cells divide, there are many limiting factors that prevent the cells from growing in excess and ensure the cell matures properly. A defect in that process is what causes cells to become cancerous. Since the process of cell growth occurs in almost all tissues as part of repair and replacement, cancers can occur in all tissues of the body. The medical science that deals with all things cancer is the oncology department. Oncology is mostly a third tier medical service seen in all major hospitals.
Oncologists are a doctor trained in the care, diagnosis, treatment, and recovery from tumours. These doctors complete a super specialty after graduation that gives them complete understanding and awareness of the pathophysiology of tumours in the body. The tumours are broadly classified as benign or malignant based on the pathogenesis of the tumour. Benign tumours are localised and do not spread from the original area of growth, but malignant cancers are more lethal. They metastasize and spread to other parts of the body, damaging systems that were?t affected originally.
Cancers are commonly seen in the alimentary system as liver, stomach or intestinal cancers. Oesophageal cancer is also seen. They are also seen in the urogenital system, lymphatic system and in the skeletal system as well. Oncologists are further divided based on the systemic specialty. The treatment of most cancers is the same, being a combination of radiotherapy or chemotherapy along with some cell proliferation blockers. Cancers are lethal in the long run, but if detected early on, cancers can be treated very effectively
Oncology is the specialty branch in the field of medicine, which deals with the prevention, diagnosis and the treatment of cancer. A medical practitioner who specializes and practices in the medical field of oncology is called an oncologist. The word oncology takes its origin from Greek, in which "once" means tumor and "logy" means the study of something. Therefore, the word oncology means the study of tumors. An oncologist helps a person in providing knowledge about the prevention of cancer, in diagnosing cancer, in treating the patient suffering from cancer and also in assisting the patient after the treatment of cancer.
"Prevention is better than cure" is a well-known proverb. For a disease as dreadful as cancer, the proverb is aptly the best. Instead of undergoing a lot of treatments and surgeries, it is best that the person prevents himself from becoming a patient of cancer. One of the main reasons for the cause of cancer is smoking. The oncologist educates the patient on the hazards that are accompanied with the habit of smoking. This leads to the reduction of the risk factors that are caused by smoking.
An oncology unit is a specialized unit that is devoted to the treatment of the cancer patients. This unit is designed with the facilities that are to be met with for the patients suffering from cancer. The unit consists only of the patients who suffer from cancer and the oncologists who treat the patients.
Oncology is a diverse medical super specialty that has its silent presence in all other departments of medicine. This is because cancers can affect almost all systems and organs of the body except cardiac tissue and certain nervous structures. Oncologists are specialized in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of cancer patients. The two commonly seen cancer types by oncologists are the benign and malignant tumours. The malignant tumours are very dangerous as they can spread. If not treated or investigated early by oncologists, they can be terminal and curing may not be as effective. Oncologists often collaborate with other specializations to effect the best course of diagnosis and treatment. Commonly seen cancers are blood cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer in women etc. Treatments most commonly seen are radiotherapy, where the affected areas are irradiated with radiation; chemotherapy where strong chemical concoctions are consumed that will arrest tumour growth and kill them; and surgery, where the tumour is removed by surgical means.
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